functoolsExpert Examples

Higher-order functions: lru_cache, partial, reduce, wraps, singledispatch

functools deep dive

Implementation details and performance considerations.

python
# functools internals
import functools
import sys

mod = functools
print(f"Module: {mod.__name__}")
print(f"File: {getattr(mod, '__file__', 'built-in')}")
print(f"Package: {getattr(mod, '__package__', 'N/A')}")
print(f"Size in modules: {sys.getsizeof(mod)} bytes")

Understanding the internals of functools helps write more efficient code.

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