and — Intermediate Examples

# and returns the first falsy value, or the last value
print(1 and 2 and 3)      # All truthy -> last value
print(1 and 0 and 3)      # 0 is falsy -> returns 0
print("" and "hello")     # "" is falsy -> returns ""
print("hi" and "hello")   # Both truthy -> "hello"

# Practical: guard before access
data = {"users": [{"name": "Alice"}]}
users = data.get("users")
if users and len(users) > 0 and users[0].get("name"):
    print(f"First user: {users[0]['name']}")

# and as a conditional expression
debug = True
message = debug and "Debug mode ON"
print(message)

# and with non-boolean types
print([] and "hello")       # [] is falsy
print([1] and "hello")      # [1] is truthy, returns "hello"
print(None and 42)          # None is falsy
print({"a": 1} and "yes")   # dict is truthy

# Chained comparison (Python sugar)
x = 5
# These are equivalent:
print(1 < x < 10)           # Python chained comparison
print(1 < x and x < 10)     # Explicit and

# All truthy check
values = [1, "hello", [1], True]
if all(values):
    print("All values are truthy")